So, I'm dealing with some AWS EC2 instances that were imported by a tool used by contracted third party.
Some of those imports had a typo that put the boot and data partitions on the same root volume, which is definitely not within best practices. A large part of my issue was in not having messed with much partition management prior to this.
The solution (in rough form) is to:
1) add a disk the same size or larger as your current C partition
2a) mirror your System Volume (if you have one) to the new disk via diskpart
2b) mirror your C: to it (yes you can add both partitions to the same mirror)
3) add a disk the same size as your data volume
4) mirror your data volume to it
5) wait for all mirrors to finish syncing
6) in msconfig, point to the new C volume as your default boot volume
7) shut down
8) detach all drives
9) attach the new C as /dev/sda1
10) break the mirror
11) attach the new data volume
12) break the mirror